High-Level Architecture for the LangChain Application using Ollama

High-Level Architecture for the LangChain Application using Ollama:

The application leverages a graph structure to manage and orchestrate interactions with a Language Model (LLM) using LangChain and Ollama. The key components and their interactions are:

Graph Manager:
- Purpose: Manages a directed graph where each node represents an LLM prompt and its corresponding response.
- Implementation: Utilizes a graph data structure (e.g., from the networkx library) to model nodes (prompts and responses) and edges (data flow between prompts).
Persona Manager:
- Purpose: Handles different personas, each providing unique perspectives or areas of knowledge.
- Implementation: Defines personas as configurations or templates that tailor prompts to reflect specific viewpoints.
Context Manager:
- Purpose: Manages the context passed between LLM calls, ensuring each prompt is aware of relevant previous interactions.
- Implementation: Accumulates and updates context based on the graph’s edges, feeding necessary information to subsequent prompts.
LLM Interface (via LangChain and Ollama):
- Purpose: Facilitates interactions with the LLM, generating responses to prompts with the given context and persona.
- Implementation: Uses LangChain’s LLMChain and PromptTemplate, with the Ollama LLM wrapper to construct and execute prompts.
Markdown Logger:
- Purpose: Records all prompts, responses, and analyses in a structured markdown file for tracking and reviewing.
- Implementation: Appends entries to a markdown file, formatting the content for readability and organization.
Analysis Module:
- Purpose: Analyzes previous prompts and responses, potentially generating new insights or directing the flow of the conversation.
- Implementation: Creates specialized nodes in the graph that process and reflect on prior interactions.

Implementing the Application with Ollama:

Below is a step-by-step guide to building the application using Ollama, including code snippets and explanations.

1. Set Up the Environment

Install the Necessary Python Libraries:

Ensure you have Python installed (preferably 3.7 or higher), and then install the required packages:

pip install langchain networkx markdown

Install Ollama:

Ollama is a tool for running language models locally. Follow the installation instructions for your operating system:

macOS:
```
brew install ollama/tap/ollama
```
Linux and Windows:

Visit the Ollama GitHub repository for installation instructions specific to your platform.

Download a Model for Ollama:

Ollama can run various models. For this application, we’ll use llama2 or any compatible model.

ollama pull llama2

2. Import Required Modules

import os
import networkx as nx
from langchain import PromptTemplate, LLMChain
from langchain.llms import Ollama

3. Define the Node Class

Create a class to encapsulate the properties of each node in the graph:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, node_id, prompt_text, persona):
        self.id = node_id
        self.prompt_text = prompt_text
        self.response_text = None
        self.context = ""
        self.persona = persona

4. Initialize the Graph

Initialize a directed graph using networkx:

G = nx.DiGraph()

5. Define Personas

Create a dictionary to hold different personas and their corresponding system prompts:

personas = {
    "Historian": "You are a knowledgeable historian specializing in the industrial revolution.",
    "Scientist": "You are a scientist with expertise in technological advancements.",
    "Philosopher": "You are a philosopher pondering the societal impacts.",
    "Analyst": "You analyze information critically to provide insights.",
    # Add additional personas as needed
}

6. Implement the Graph Manager

Add nodes and edges to construct the conversation flow:

# Create initial prompt nodes with different personas
node1 = Node(1, prompt_text="Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.", persona="Historian")
G.add_node(node1.id, data=node1)

node2 = Node(2, prompt_text="Discuss the technological advancements during the industrial revolution.", persona="Scientist")
G.add_node(node2.id, data=node2)

# Add edges if node2 should consider node1's context
G.add_edge(node1.id, node2.id)

# Add an analysis node
node3 = Node(3, prompt_text="", persona="Analyst")
G.add_node(node3.id, data=node3)
G.add_edge(node1.id, node3.id)
G.add_edge(node2.id, node3.id)

7. Implement the Context Manager

Define a function to collect context from predecessor nodes:

def collect_context(node_id):
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node_id))
    context = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        if pred_node.response_text:
            context += f"From {pred_node.persona}:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"
    return context

8. Implement the LLM Interface with Ollama

Create a function to generate responses using LangChain and Ollama:

def generate_response(node):
    system_prompt = personas[node.persona]
    # Build the complete prompt
    prompt_template = PromptTemplate(
        input_variables=["system_prompt", "context", "prompt"],
        template="{system_prompt}\n\n{context}\n\n{prompt}"
    )
    # Instantiate the Ollama LLM
    llm = Ollama(
        base_url="http://localhost:11434",  # Default Ollama server URL
        model="llama2",  # or specify the model you have downloaded
    )
    chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt_template)
    response = chain.run(
        system_prompt=system_prompt,
        context=node.context,
        prompt=node.prompt_text
    )
    return response

Note: Ensure that the Ollama server is running before executing the script:

ollama serve

9. Implement the Markdown Logger

Define a function to log interactions to a markdown file:

def update_markdown(node):
    with open("conversation.md", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(f"## Node {node.id}: {node.persona}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Prompt:**\n\n{node.prompt_text}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Response:**\n\n{node.response_text}\n\n---\n\n")

10. Implement the Analysis Module

Create a function for nodes that perform analysis:

def analyze_responses(node):
    # Collect responses from predecessor nodes
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node.id))
    analysis_input = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        analysis_input += f"{pred_node.persona}'s response:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"

    node.prompt_text = f"Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives:\n\n{analysis_input}"
    node.context = ""  # Analysis can be based solely on the provided responses
    node.response_text = generate_response(node)
    update_markdown(node)

11. Process the Nodes

Iterate over the graph to process each node:

for node_id in nx.topological_sort(G):
    node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']
    if node.persona != "Analyst":
        node.context = collect_context(node_id)
        node.response_text = generate_response(node)
        update_markdown(node)
    else:
        analyze_responses(node)

Detailed Explanation:

Graph Processing Order:
- Use nx.topological_sort(G) to process nodes in an order that respects dependencies, ensuring predecessor nodes are processed before successors.
Context Collection:
- For each node, the collect_context function gathers responses from predecessor nodes, forming the context that will be included in the prompt.
Persona-Specific Prompts:
- The system_prompt variable injects persona characteristics into the prompt via LangChain’s templating, guiding the LLM to respond from that perspective.
Response Generation with Ollama:
- The generate_response function constructs the prompt using the PromptTemplate and retrieves the LLM’s response using LangChain’s LLMChain with the Ollama LLM.
Logging Interactions:
- The update_markdown function appends each interaction to the conversation.md file, using markdown formatting for clarity and organization.
Analysis Nodes:
- Nodes with the persona “Analyst” execute the analyze_responses function, which compiles predecessor responses and generates an analytical output.

Example Output in Markdown:

The conversation.md file will contain formatted entries like:

## Node 1: Historian

**Prompt:**

Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.

**Response:**

[Historian's response...]

---

## Node 2: Scientist

**Prompt:**

Discuss the technological advancements during the industrial revolution.

**Response:**

[Scientist's response...]

---

## Node 3: Analyst

**Prompt:**

Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives:
...

**Response:**

[Analyst's comparative analysis...]

---

12. Expanding the Application

To enhance the application further:

Dynamic Node Creation:
- Based on responses, new nodes can be added to explore emerging topics.
Advanced Personas:
- Enrich personas with more detailed backgrounds or expertise.
User Interaction:
- Introduce mechanisms for user input to guide the conversation.
Visualization:
- Generate visual representations of the graph to illustrate the conversation flow.

13. Considerations and Best Practices

Ollama Model Selection:
- Ensure that the model used with Ollama is appropriate for the application’s needs. Some models may require specific handling or have different capabilities.
Context Window Limitations:
- Be mindful of the token limit for the LLM’s context window; if necessary, truncate or summarize context.
Error Handling:
- Implement robust error handling around LLM calls and file operations to handle exceptions gracefully.
Concurrency:
- For large graphs, consider asynchronous processing where dependencies allow.
Configuration Management:
- Use configuration files or environment variables to manage settings like the Ollama server URL and model name.
Privacy and Security:
- Ensure sensitive information is not exposed, especially when logging prompts and responses.

Summary:

By integrating these components with Ollama, the application can:

Orchestrate LLM Calls via a Graph:
- Manage complex conversational flows where prompts and responses are interconnected in non-linear ways.
Update Context Dynamically:
- Pass information between nodes, ensuring that each prompt is informed by relevant preceding interactions.
Utilize Multiple Personas:
- Simulate different perspectives by tailoring prompts to various personas, enriching the conversation.
Track Interaction History:
- Maintain a comprehensive record of the conversation, including analyses, in a markdown file for transparency and review.
Analyze and Reflect:
- Incorporate analysis steps that synthesize previous responses, potentially guiding future prompts.

Implementation Steps Recap:

Set Up Environment and Libraries:
- Install langchain, networkx, markdown, and set up Ollama.
Define Data Structures (Nodes and Edges):
- Create the Node class to represent each point in the conversation.
Initialize the Directed Graph:
- Use networkx to manage the flow of conversations.
Define Personas and Their Prompts:
- Establish different perspectives through personas.
Build the Graph Manager Functions:
- Construct the conversation flow by adding nodes and edges.
Implement Context Collection Mechanism:
- Gather context from predecessor nodes for each prompt.
Create the LLM Interface with Ollama:
- Use LangChain’s Ollama integration to interface with the local LLM.
Set Up the Markdown Logger:
- Record the prompts and responses in a markdown file.
Develop the Analysis Module:
- Analyze previous responses to generate insights.
Process Nodes in Topological Order:
- Execute the conversation flow respecting dependencies.

By following this architecture and implementation plan with Ollama, you can create a robust application that leverages the power of LangChain and local LLMs to generate rich, context-aware conversations from multiple perspectives, all while maintaining a clear and organized record of the interaction history.

Next Steps:

Testing:
- Run the application with sample prompts and personas to verify functionality.
Refinement:
- Adjust personas, context management, and logging based on observed outcomes.
Scaling:
- Expand the graph to include more nodes and complex interactions, testing the application’s scalability.
Documentation:
- Document the code thoroughly, explaining how each component works for future maintenance and updates.
Model Optimization:
- Experiment with different models available in Ollama to find the best fit for your application.

By iteratively refining the application, you can tailor it to specific use cases, such as educational tools, collaborative brainstorming platforms, or complex simulation environments, all powered locally using Ollama.

Additional Resources:

Ollama Documentation:
- Visit the Ollama GitHub Repository for more details on installation, models, and usage.
LangChain Documentation:
- Explore the LangChain Documentation for in-depth guides on using LLMs, prompt templates, and chains.
Community Support:
- Engage with the communities around LangChain and Ollama for support, updates, and shared experiences.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Ollama Server Not Running:
- If you encounter connection errors, ensure the Ollama server is running with ollama serve.
Model Not Found:
- Verify that the model specified in the Ollama LLM instantiation is correctly downloaded and available.
Performance Issues:
- Running large models locally may require significant computational resources. Ensure your hardware meets the requirements.
Compatibility:
- Ensure all libraries are up-to-date to avoid compatibility issues. Use virtual environments to manage dependencies.

1. Create the Project Directory and File Structure

Open your terminal and run the following commands to set up the project directory and files:

# Create the project directory and navigate into it
mkdir langchain_graph_app
cd langchain_graph_app

# Create the main Python script
touch main.py

# Create a requirements.txt file to list dependencies
touch requirements.txt

2. Write the Code for the Files

I’ll provide the code for each file. Please copy and paste the code into the respective files.

File: `requirements.txt`

First, specify the dependencies in a requirements.txt file. This will allow you to install all the necessary Python packages easily.

Content of requirements.txt:

langchain
networkx
markdown
langchain_community

File: `main.py`

This is the main script containing the code for the application.

Content of main.py:

# main.py

import os
import networkx as nx
from langchain import PromptTemplate, LLMChain
from langchain.llms import Ollama

# Define the Node class
class Node:
    def __init__(self, node_id, prompt_text, persona):
        self.id = node_id
        self.prompt_text = prompt_text
        self.response_text = None
        self.context = ""
        self.persona = persona

# Initialize the graph
G = nx.DiGraph()

# Define personas
personas = {
    "Historian": "You are a knowledgeable historian specializing in the industrial revolution.",
    "Scientist": "You are a scientist with expertise in technological advancements.",
    "Philosopher": "You are a philosopher pondering societal impacts.",
    "Analyst": "You analyze information critically to provide insights.",
    # Add additional personas as needed
}

# Function to collect context from predecessor nodes
def collect_context(node_id):
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node_id))
    context = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        if pred_node.response_text:
            context += f"From {pred_node.persona}:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"
    return context

# Function to generate responses using LangChain and Ollama
def generate_response(node):
    system_prompt = personas[node.persona]
    # Build the complete prompt
    prompt_template = PromptTemplate(
        input_variables=["system_prompt", "context", "prompt"],
        template="{system_prompt}\n\n{context}\n\n{prompt}"
    )
    # Instantiate the Ollama LLM
    llm = Ollama(
        base_url="http://localhost:11434",  # Default Ollama server URL
        model="llama2",  # Replace with the model you have downloaded
    )
    chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt_template)
    response = chain.run(
        system_prompt=system_prompt,
        context=node.context,
        prompt=node.prompt_text
    )
    return response

# Function to log interactions to a markdown file
def update_markdown(node):
    with open("conversation.md", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(f"## Node {node.id}: {node.persona}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Prompt:**\n\n{node.prompt_text}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Response:**\n\n{node.response_text}\n\n---\n\n")

# Function for nodes that perform analysis
def analyze_responses(node):
    # Collect responses from predecessor nodes
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node.id))
    analysis_input = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        analysis_input += f"{pred_node.persona}'s response:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"

    node.prompt_text = f"Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives:\n\n{analysis_input}"
    node.context = ""  # Analysis is based solely on the provided responses
    node.response_text = generate_response(node)
    update_markdown(node)

# Build the graph

# Create initial prompt nodes with different personas
node1 = Node(1, prompt_text="Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.", persona="Historian")
G.add_node(node1.id, data=node1)

node2 = Node(2, prompt_text="Discuss the technological advancements during the industrial revolution.", persona="Scientist")
G.add_node(node2.id, data=node2)

# Add edges if node2 should consider node1's context
G.add_edge(node1.id, node2.id)  # node2 considers node1's context

# Add an analysis node
node3 = Node(3, prompt_text="", persona="Analyst")
G.add_node(node3.id, data=node3)
G.add_edge(node1.id, node3.id)
G.add_edge(node2.id, node3.id)

# Process the nodes
for node_id in nx.topological_sort(G):
    node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']
    if node.persona != "Analyst":
        node.context = collect_context(node_id)
        node.response_text = generate_response(node)
        update_markdown(node)
    else:
        analyze_responses(node)

print("Conversation has been generated and logged to conversation.md")

3. Install Dependencies

Make sure you have all the required Python packages installed.

In your terminal, from within the langchain_graph_app directory, run:

pip install -r requirements.txt

4. Install and Set Up Ollama

Install Ollama

Follow the installation instructions specific to your operating system.

macOS (via Homebrew):
```
brew install ollama/tap/ollama
```
Other Platforms:

Visit the Ollama GitHub repository for installation instructions.

Download a Model for Ollama

Ollama runs models locally. You need to download a model compatible with your application.

For example, to download the llama2 model:

ollama pull llama2

Note: Replace llama2 with the name of the model you wish to use if different.

5. Run the Ollama Server

Before running the application, ensure that the Ollama server is running.

In a separate terminal window, run:

ollama serve

This will start the Ollama server on the default port 11434.

6. Run the Application

Now you can run the application:

python main.py

This will execute the script, generate the conversation, and create (or update) the conversation.md file with the prompts and responses.

7. View the Output

Open the conversation.md file to see the generated conversation:

cat conversation.md

Or open it in a text editor that supports Markdown to view it with proper formatting.

Explanation of the Files and Code

`main.py` Overview

Imports:
- networkx: For creating and managing the directed graph.
- langchain: For interacting with the language model.
- Ollama: LangChain’s wrapper for the Ollama LLM.
Node Class:
- Represents each node in the graph.
- Stores the node ID, prompt text, persona, response text, and context.
Graph Initialization:
- A directed graph G is created using networkx.DiGraph().
Personas:
- A dictionary mapping persona names to their descriptions (system prompts).
- Personas influence how the LLM generates responses.
Functions:
- collect_context(node_id): Gathers responses from predecessor nodes to form the context.
- generate_response(node): Uses the Ollama LLM via LangChain to generate a response based on the persona, context, and prompt.
- update_markdown(node): Appends the prompt and response to conversation.md in a structured format.
- analyze_responses(node): Handles nodes designated for analysis, compiling predecessor responses and generating an analytical output.
Graph Construction:
- Nodes are added to the graph with unique IDs and associated data.
- Edges define the flow of information (i.e., which nodes’ contexts are considered in generating responses).
Processing Nodes:
- Nodes are processed in topological order to respect dependencies.
- Responses are generated and logged for each node.

Understanding the Flow

Graph Creation:
- Three nodes are created: two with specific personas (Historian and Scientist) and one Analyst.
- Edges are added to define how context flows between nodes.
Processing:
- Nodes are processed so that predecessors are handled before successors.
- For non-analyst nodes, the context is collected from predecessors, responses are generated, and the interaction is logged.
- For the analyst node, it compiles the responses from its predecessors and generates an analysis.
Logging:
- All prompts and responses are appended to conversation.md with markdown formatting for readability.

Sample Output in `conversation.md`

The conversation.md file will contain entries like:

## Node 1: Historian

**Prompt:**

Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.

**Response:**

[Historian's response...]

---

## Node 2: Scientist

**Prompt:**

Discuss the technological advancements during the industrial revolution.

**Response:**

[Scientist's response...]

---

## Node 3: Analyst

**Prompt:**

Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives:

Historian's response:
[Historian's response...]

Scientist's response:
[Scientist's response...]

**Response:**

[Analyst's comparative analysis...]

---

Additional Notes

Model Configuration:
- Ensure the model parameter in the Ollama LLM instantiation matches the model you have downloaded.
- Example: If you downloaded llama2, set model="llama2".
Expanding the Graph:
- You can add more nodes and edges to create more complex conversations.
- Be mindful of the context window limitations of the LLM.
Error Handling:
- The script does not include extensive error handling.
- Consider adding try-except blocks around network calls, file operations, and LLM interactions.

Environment:

It’s recommended to use a virtual environment to manage dependencies.

python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # On Windows use venv\Scripts\activate

Dependencies:
- Ensure all dependencies are properly installed and compatible with your Python interpreter.

Next Steps

Customize Personas and Prompts:
- Modify the personas dictionary to add or adjust personas.
- Change the prompt_text for each node to explore different topics.
Enhance Functionality:
- Add user input to create dynamic prompts or personas.
- Implement a GUI or web interface for interactive usage.
Visualization:
- Use graph visualization libraries, like matplotlib or pygraphviz, to visualize the conversation flow.
Documentation and Testing:
- Document any changes or additions you make to the code.
- Write unit tests for your functions to ensure reliability.

Recap of Commands

Project Setup

# Create project directory and navigate into it
mkdir langchain_graph_app
cd langchain_graph_app

# Create the main script and requirements file
touch main.py requirements.txt

# Open the files in a text editor to add the provided code

Installing Dependencies

# Install Python packages
pip install -r requirements.txt

Installing and Running Ollama

# Install Ollama (if not already installed)
# For macOS:
brew install ollama/tap/ollama

# Download the desired model
ollama pull llama2

# Start the Ollama server
ollama serve

Running the Application

# Run the main script
python main.py

# View the generated conversation
cat conversation.md

Troubleshooting Tips

Ollama Server Issues:
- Ensure the Ollama server is running (ollama serve) before running the script.
- Check if the server is accessible at http://localhost:11434.
Model Not Found:
- Verify that the model name in the script matches the model you downloaded.
- Run ollama list to see the available models.
Dependency Errors:
- Double-check that all dependencies are installed.
- Use pip list to view installed packages.
Python Version:
- Ensure you’re using a compatible Python version (3.7 or higher recommended).
Permission Issues:
- If you encounter permission errors when accessing files, ensure you have the necessary rights.

Additional Resources

Ollama Documentation:
- Ollama GitHub Repository
LangChain Documentation:
- LangChain Documentation
NetworkX Documentation:
- NetworkX Documentation

Let’s extend the application to include detailed personas with stylistic attributes stored in JSON files. We’ll modify the program to select a persona from a JSON file and adjust the LLM prompts to reflect the selected persona’s writing style.

Overview of the Enhancement

Personas with Stylistic Attributes:
- Store detailed personas in JSON format.
- Each persona includes various stylistic and psychological attributes.
Integration with the Application:
- Load personas from JSON files.
- Modify the prompt generation to include these attributes.
- Adjust the LLM output to match the selected persona’s style.
Implementation Steps:
1. Update the File Structure:
  - Create a personas directory to store JSON files.
2. Modify the Code:
  - Load personas from JSON files.
  - Update the generate_response function to incorporate stylistic attributes.
3. Provide Instructions:
  - Explain how to add new personas.
  - Show how to use the updated application.

1. Update the File Structure

In your project directory (langchain_graph_app), create a new directory called personas to store persona JSON files.

mkdir personas

2. Create Persona JSON Files

Each persona will be stored as an individual JSON file within the personas directory. Let’s create a sample persona.

Example Persona: “Ernest Hemingway”

Create a file named ernest_hemingway.json in the personas directory.

Content of personas/ernest_hemingway.json:

{
  "name": "Ernest Hemingway",
  "vocabulary_complexity": 3,
  "sentence_structure": "simple",
  "paragraph_organization": "structured",
  "idiom_usage": 2,
  "metaphor_frequency": 4,
  "simile_frequency": 5,
  "tone": "formal",
  "punctuation_style": "minimal",
  "contraction_usage": 5,
  "pronoun_preference": "first-person",
  "passive_voice_frequency": 2,
  "rhetorical_question_usage": 3,
  "list_usage_tendency": 2,
  "personal_anecdote_inclusion": 7,
  "pop_culture_reference_frequency": 1,
  "technical_jargon_usage": 2,
  "parenthetical_aside_frequency": 1,
  "humor_sarcasm_usage": 3,
  "emotional_expressiveness": 6,
  "emphatic_device_usage": 4,
  "quotation_frequency": 3,
  "analogy_usage": 5,
  "sensory_detail_inclusion": 8,
  "onomatopoeia_usage": 2,
  "alliteration_frequency": 2,
  "word_length_preference": "short",
  "foreign_phrase_usage": 3,
  "rhetorical_device_usage": 4,
  "statistical_data_usage": 1,
  "personal_opinion_inclusion": 7,
  "transition_usage": 5,
  "reader_question_frequency": 2,
  "imperative_sentence_usage": 3,
  "dialogue_inclusion": 8,
  "regional_dialect_usage": 4,
  "hedging_language_frequency": 2,
  "language_abstraction": "concrete",
  "personal_belief_inclusion": 6,
  "repetition_usage": 5,
  "subordinate_clause_frequency": 3,
  "verb_type_preference": "active",
  "sensory_imagery_usage": 8,
  "symbolism_usage": 6,
  "digression_frequency": 2,
  "formality_level": 5,
  "reflection_inclusion": 7,
  "irony_usage": 3,
  "neologism_frequency": 1,
  "ellipsis_usage": 2,
  "cultural_reference_inclusion": 3,
  "stream_of_consciousness_usage": 2,
  "openness_to_experience": 8,
  "conscientiousness": 6,
  "extraversion": 5,
  "agreeableness": 7,
  "emotional_stability": 6,
  "dominant_motivations": "adventure",
  "core_values": "courage",
  "decision_making_style": "intuitive",
  "empathy_level": 7,
  "self_confidence": 8,
  "risk_taking_tendency": 9,
  "idealism_vs_realism": "realistic",
  "conflict_resolution_style": "assertive",
  "relationship_orientation": "independent",
  "emotional_response_tendency": "calm",
  "creativity_level": 8,
  "age": "Late 50s",
  "gender": "Male",
  "education_level": "High School",
  "professional_background": "Writer and Journalist",
  "cultural_background": "American",
  "primary_language": "English",
  "language_fluency": "Native"
}

3. Modify `main.py` to Load and Use Personas

3.1. Import JSON and OS Modules

Add imports at the top of main.py:

import json
import os

3.2. Update the `Node` Class

Modify the Node class to include a persona_attributes field:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, node_id, prompt_text, persona_name):
        self.id = node_id
        self.prompt_text = prompt_text
        self.response_text = None
        self.context = ""
        self.persona_name = persona_name
        self.persona_attributes = {}

3.3. Load Personas from JSON Files

Create a function to load personas from the personas directory:

def load_personas(persona_dir):
    personas = {}
    for filename in os.listdir(persona_dir):
        if filename.endswith('.json'):
            filepath = os.path.join(persona_dir, filename)
            with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                persona_data = json.load(f)
                name = persona_data.get('name')
                if name:
                    personas[name] = persona_data
    return personas

Load the personas after defining the function:

# Load personas
persona_dir = 'personas'  # Directory where persona JSON files are stored
personas = load_personas(persona_dir)

3.4. Update the `generate_response` Function

Modify the generate_response function to include persona attributes in the system prompt:

def generate_response(node):
    persona = personas.get(node.persona_name)
    if not persona:
        raise ValueError(f"Persona '{node.persona_name}' not found.")
    
    node.persona_attributes = persona

    # Build the system prompt based on persona attributes
    system_prompt = build_system_prompt(persona)

    # Build the complete prompt
    prompt_template = PromptTemplate(
        input_variables=["system_prompt", "context", "prompt"],
        template="{system_prompt}\n\n{context}\n\n{prompt}"
    )
    # Instantiate the Ollama LLM
    llm = Ollama(
        base_url="http://localhost:11434",  # Default Ollama server URL
        model="llama2",  # Replace with the model you have downloaded
    )
    chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt_template)
    response = chain.run(
        system_prompt=system_prompt,
        context=node.context,
        prompt=node.prompt_text
    )
    return response

3.5. Create the `build_system_prompt` Function

This function constructs the system prompt using the persona’s attributes.

def build_system_prompt(persona):
    # Construct descriptive sentences based on persona attributes
    # We'll focus on key attributes for brevity
    name = persona.get('name', 'The speaker')
    tone = persona.get('tone', 'neutral')
    sentence_structure = persona.get('sentence_structure', 'varied')
    vocabulary_complexity = persona.get('vocabulary_complexity', 5)
    formality_level = persona.get('formality_level', 5)
    pronoun_preference = persona.get('pronoun_preference', 'third-person')
    language_abstraction = persona.get('language_abstraction', 'mixed')

    # Create a description
    description = (
        f"You are {name}, writing in a {tone} tone using {sentence_structure} sentences. "
        f"Your vocabulary complexity is {vocabulary_complexity}/10, and your formality level is {formality_level}/10. "
        f"You prefer {pronoun_preference} narration and your language abstraction is {language_abstraction}."
    )

    # Include any other attributes as needed
    # ...

    return description

3.6. Update the Graph Definition

Update the creation of nodes to use the new persona names.

For example, replace the old personas with the new ones:

# Create initial prompt nodes with different personas
node1 = Node(1, prompt_text="Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.", persona_name="Ernest Hemingway")
G.add_node(node1.id, data=node1)

# You can create more nodes with different personas
node2 = Node(2, prompt_text="Explain quantum mechanics in simple terms.", persona_name="Albert Einstein")
G.add_node(node2.id, data=node2)

# Add edges between nodes if needed
# G.add_edge(node1.id, node2.id)

# Add an analysis node (you can define a generic analyst persona)
node3 = Node(3, prompt_text="", persona_name="Analyst")
G.add_node(node3.id, data=node3)
G.add_edge(node1.id, node3.id)
G.add_edge(node2.id, node3.id)

3.7. Create an Analyst Persona

Create an analyst persona JSON file analyst.json or handle the analyst within the code.

Option 1: Create personas/analyst.json

{
  "name": "Analyst",
  "tone": "formal",
  "sentence_structure": "complex",
  "vocabulary_complexity": 7,
  "formality_level": 8,
  "pronoun_preference": "third-person",
  "language_abstraction": "mixed"
}

Option 2: If the analyst persona is generic, handle the absence of specific attributes in build_system_prompt by providing defaults.

4. Run the Updated Application

4.1. Ensure All Persona Files are Created

Make sure you’ve created the necessary persona JSON files in the personas directory.

ernest_hemingway.json (as above)
analyst.json (if needed)
Additional personas (e.g., albert_einstein.json if you use that persona)

4.2. Install Any New Dependencies

If you haven’t already imported the json module, ensure it’s included in your code. No additional installations are required as json and os are part of the Python standard library.

4.3. Run the Application

python main.py

This will generate the conversation with responses tailored to the selected personas.

5. View the Output

Check the conversation.md file to see the prompts and responses with the new personas.

6. Additional Personas

To add more personas, create new JSON files in the personas directory with the required attributes.

Example: “Albert Einstein” Persona

Create personas/albert_einstein.json:

{
  "name": "Albert Einstein",
  "vocabulary_complexity": 8,
  "sentence_structure": "complex",
  "paragraph_organization": "structured",
  "idiom_usage": 3,
  "metaphor_frequency": 6,
  "simile_frequency": 5,
  "tone": "academic",
  "punctuation_style": "conventional",
  "contraction_usage": 2,
  "pronoun_preference": "first-person",
  "passive_voice_frequency": 6,
  "rhetorical_question_usage": 4,
  "list_usage_tendency": 3,
  "personal_anecdote_inclusion": 5,
  "technical_jargon_usage": 9,
  "parenthetical_aside_frequency": 2,
  "humor_sarcasm_usage": 4,
  "emotional_expressiveness": 5,
  "emphatic_device_usage": 6,
  "quotation_frequency": 3,
  "analogy_usage": 7,
  "sensory_detail_inclusion": 4,
  "onomatopoeia_usage": 1,
  "alliteration_frequency": 2,
  "word_length_preference": "long",
  "foreign_phrase_usage": 5,
  "rhetorical_device_usage": 7,
  "statistical_data_usage": 8,
  "personal_opinion_inclusion": 6,
  "transition_usage": 7,
  "reader_question_frequency": 2,
  "imperative_sentence_usage": 2,
  "dialogue_inclusion": 3,
  "regional_dialect_usage": 1,
  "hedging_language_frequency": 5,
  "language_abstraction": "abstract",
  "personal_belief_inclusion": 6,
  "repetition_usage": 3,
  "subordinate_clause_frequency": 7,
  "verb_type_preference": "active",
  "sensory_imagery_usage": 3,
  "symbolism_usage": 5,
  "digression_frequency": 2,
  "formality_level": 8,
  "reflection_inclusion": 7,
  "irony_usage": 2,
  "neologism_frequency": 3,
  "ellipsis_usage": 2,
  "cultural_reference_inclusion": 3,
  "stream_of_consciousness_usage": 2,
  "openness_to_experience": 9,
  "conscientiousness": 7,
  "extraversion": 4,
  "agreeableness": 6,
  "emotional_stability": 7,
  "dominant_motivations": "knowledge",
  "core_values": "integrity",
  "decision_making_style": "analytical",
  "empathy_level": 7,
  "self_confidence": 8,
  "risk_taking_tendency": 6,
  "idealism_vs_realism": "idealistic",
  "conflict_resolution_style": "collaborative",
  "relationship_orientation": "independent",
  "emotional_response_tendency": "calm",
  "creativity_level": 9,
  "age": "Mid 40s",
  "gender": "Male",
  "education_level": "Doctorate",
  "professional_background": "Physicist",
  "cultural_background": "German-American",
  "primary_language": "German",
  "language_fluency": "Fluent in English"
}

7.1. Test the Application

Run the application again and observe the differences in the responses based on the personas.

7.2. Refine the `build_system_prompt` Function

You can enhance the build_system_prompt function to incorporate more attributes and create more nuanced system prompts.

For example:

def build_system_prompt(persona):
    attributes = []

    # Add tone
    tone = persona.get('tone')
    if tone:
        attributes.append(f"Your tone is {tone}.")

    # Add vocabulary complexity
    vocab_complexity = persona.get('vocabulary_complexity')
    if vocab_complexity:
        attributes.append(f"Your vocabulary complexity is rated {vocab_complexity}/10.")

    # Add sentence structure
    sentence_structure = persona.get('sentence_structure')
    if sentence_structure:
        attributes.append(f"You use {sentence_structure} sentence structures.")

    # Add more attributes as needed
    # ...

    description = ' '.join(attributes)
    return f"You are {persona.get('name', 'a speaker')}. {description}"

7.3. Adjusting Prompts for LLM

Ensure that the system prompt is concise but informative. Overly long prompts may exceed the LLM’s context window or lead to less coherent responses.

8. Considerations and Best Practices

LLM Limitations:
- The LLM’s ability to mimic detailed stylistic attributes may vary.
- Some attributes may have a more pronounced effect on the output than others.
Prompt Engineering:
- Experiment with how you convey persona attributes in the prompt.
- You may need to adjust wording to achieve the desired effect.
Performance:
- Loading many large persona files might impact performance.
- Consider optimizing persona file sizes if necessary.
Error Handling:
- Add error handling for missing attributes or files.
- Validate persona data when loading.

9. Summary of Changes

File Structure:
- Added a personas directory containing JSON files for each persona.
Code Modifications:
- Added functions to load personas from JSON files.
- Updated the Node class to handle persona attributes.
- Modified generate_response to include persona attributes in system prompts.
- Created build_system_prompt to construct system prompts from persona attributes.
- Adjusted node creation to reference personas by name from the JSON files.
Usage:
- Personas can now be added or modified by editing the JSON files.
- The application uses these personas to tailor LLM outputs accordingly.

10. Next Steps

Enhance Persona Attributes Handling:
- Implement more sophisticated mapping between persona attributes and system prompts.
- Possibly use templates or mapping dictionaries to handle various attribute values.
Integrate with a Database (Optional):
- If you prefer using SQLite for storing personas, you can modify the code to load personas from a SQLite database instead of JSON files.
User Interface:
- Create a CLI or GUI to select personas and customize prompts.
Logging and Analysis:
- Enhance logging to include which attributes were applied.
- Analyze how different attributes affect the generated responses.

11. Conclusion

By incorporating detailed personas with stylistic attributes, the application can generate more personalized and varied responses from the LLM. This enhancement adds depth to the generated content and allows for experimentation with different writing styles and perspectives.

Debugged final main.py

# main.py

import os
import networkx as nx
from langchain import PromptTemplate, LLMChain
from langchain.llms import Ollama
import json





# Define the Node class
class Node:
    def __init__(self, node_id, prompt_text, persona_name):
        self.id = node_id
        self.prompt_text = prompt_text
        self.response_text = None
        self.context = ""
        self.persona_name = persona_name
        self.persona_attributes = {}

# Initialize the graph
G = nx.DiGraph()

# Define personas
personas = {
    "Historian": "You are a knowledgeable historian specializing in the industrial revolution.",
    "Scientist": "You are a scientist with expertise in technological advancements.",
    "Philosopher": "You are a philosopher pondering societal impacts.",
    "Analyst": "You analyze information critically to provide insights.",
    # Add additional personas as needed
}

def load_personas(persona_dir):
    personas = {}
    for filename in os.listdir(persona_dir):
        if filename.endswith('.json'):
            filepath = os.path.join(persona_dir, filename)
            with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                persona_data = json.load(f)
                name = persona_data.get('name')
                if name:
                    personas[name] = persona_data
    return personas

# Load personas
persona_dir = 'personas'  # Directory where persona JSON files are stored
personas = load_personas(persona_dir)

# Function to collect context from predecessor nodes
def collect_context(node_id):
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node_id))
    context = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        if pred_node.response_text:
            context += f"From {pred_node.persona}:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"
    return context

# Function to generate responses using LangChain and Ollama
def generate_response(node):
    persona = personas.get(node.persona_name)
    if not persona:
        raise ValueError(f"Persona '{node.persona_name}' not found.")
    
    node.persona_attributes = persona

    # Build the system prompt based on persona attributes
    system_prompt = build_system_prompt(persona)

    # Build the complete prompt
    prompt_template = PromptTemplate(
        input_variables=["system_prompt", "context", "prompt"],
        template="{system_prompt}\n\n{context}\n\n{prompt}"
    )
    # Instantiate the Ollama LLM
    llm = Ollama(
        base_url="http://localhost:11434",  # Default Ollama server URL
        model="qwq",  # Replace with the model you have downloaded
    )
    chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt_template)
    response = chain.run(
        system_prompt=system_prompt,
        context=node.context,
        prompt=node.prompt_text
    )
    return response

def build_system_prompt(persona):
    # Construct descriptive sentences based on persona attributes
    # We'll focus on key attributes for brevity
    name = persona.get('name', 'The speaker')
    tone = persona.get('tone', 'neutral')
    sentence_structure = persona.get('sentence_structure', 'varied')
    vocabulary_complexity = persona.get('vocabulary_complexity', 5)
    formality_level = persona.get('formality_level', 5)
    pronoun_preference = persona.get('pronoun_preference', 'third-person')
    language_abstraction = persona.get('language_abstraction', 'mixed')

    # Create a description
    description = (
        f"You are {name}, writing in a {tone} tone using {sentence_structure} sentences. "
        f"Your vocabulary complexity is {vocabulary_complexity}/10, and your formality level is {formality_level}/10. "
        f"You prefer {pronoun_preference} narration and your language abstraction is {language_abstraction}."
    )

    # Include any other attributes as needed
    # ...

    return description


# Function to log interactions to a markdown file
def update_markdown(node):
    with open("conversation.md", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(f"## Node {node.id}: {node.persona_name}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Prompt:**\n\n{node.prompt_text}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Response:**\n\n{node.response_text}\n\n---\n\n")

# Function for nodes that perform analysis
def analyze_responses(node):
    # Collect responses from predecessor nodes
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node.id))
    analysis_input = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        analysis_input += f"{pred_node.persona_name}'s response:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"

    node.prompt_text = f"Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives:\n\n{analysis_input}"
    node.context = ""  # Analysis is based solely on the provided responses
    node.response_text = generate_response(node)
    update_markdown(node)

# Build the graph

# Create initial prompt nodes with different personas
node1 = Node(1, prompt_text="Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.", persona_name="Ernest Hemingway")
G.add_node(node1.id, data=node1)

# You can create more nodes with different personas
node2 = Node(2, prompt_text="Explain quantum mechanics in simple terms.", persona_name="Albert Einstein")
G.add_node(node2.id, data=node2)

# Add edges between nodes if needed
# G.add_edge(node1.id, node2.id)

# Add an analysis node (you can define a generic analyst persona)
node3 = Node(3, prompt_text="", persona_name="Analyst")
G.add_node(node3.id, data=node3)
G.add_edge(node1.id, node3.id)
G.add_edge(node2.id, node3.id)

# Process the nodes
for node_id in nx.topological_sort(G):
    node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']
    if node.persona_name != "Analyst":
        node.context = collect_context(node_id)
        node.response_text = generate_response(node)
        update_markdown(node)
    else:
        analyze_responses(node)

print("Conversation has been generated and logged to conversation.md")

Given that a CLI is generally quicker to implement and can provide immediate utility, let’s start with creating a CLI using the argparse or click library. After that, I’ll provide guidance on how you can set up a GUI using Streamlit, which is a Python library that allows for quick and easy creation of web apps.

Option 1: Creating a Command Line Interface (CLI)

We’ll enhance your application to allow users to:

List available personas.
Select personas for nodes.
Input custom prompts.
Customize the graph structure if desired.

1. Install the Required Libraries

We can use the argparse module from the standard library or the click library, which is more user-friendly for complex CLIs.

Let’s use click:

pip install click

Add this to your requirements.txt:

click

2. Modify `main.py` to Include CLI Functionality

2.1. Import `click` Module

At the top of your main.py, import click:

import click

2.2. Refactor the Code into Functions

We’ll encapsulate the main logic into functions that we can call from the CLI commands.

Encapsulate Graph Building into a Function:

def build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info):
    G = nx.DiGraph()
    nodes = {}
    # Create nodes
    for node_info in nodes_info:
        node_id = node_info['id']
        prompt_text = node_info['prompt_text']
        persona_name = node_info['persona_name']
        node = Node(node_id, prompt_text, persona_name)
        G.add_node(node_id, data=node)
        nodes[node_id] = node

    # Add edges
    for edge in edges_info:
        G.add_edge(edge['from'], edge['to'])
    
    return G

Encapsulate Node Processing into a Function:

def process_graph(G):
    for node_id in nx.topological_sort(G):
        node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']
        if node.persona_name != "Analyst":
            node.context = collect_context(node_id, G)
            node.response_text = generate_response(node)
            update_markdown(node)
        else:
            analyze_responses(node, G)

Update the collect_context and analyze_responses functions to accept G as a parameter:

def collect_context(node_id, G):
    # Existing code...

def analyze_responses(node, G):
    # Existing code...

2.3. Create CLI Commands with `click`

Below all the functions, add the CLI commands:

@click.group()
def cli():
    pass

Command to List Available Personas:

@cli.command()
def list_personas():
    """List all available personas."""
    for persona_name in personas.keys():
        print(persona_name)

Command to Run the Application with Custom Inputs:

@cli.command()
@click.option('--nodes', '-n', default=2, help='Number of nodes (excluding the analyst node).')
def run(nodes):
    """Run the application with the specified number of nodes."""
    # Let the user select personas and input prompts for each node
    nodes_info = []
    for i in range(1, nodes + 1):
        print(f"\nConfiguring Node {i}")
        persona_name = click.prompt('Enter the persona name', type=str)
        while persona_name not in personas:
            print('Persona not found. Available personas:')
            for name in personas.keys():
                print(f" - {name}")
            persona_name = click.prompt('Enter the persona name', type=str)
        
        prompt_text = click.prompt('Enter the prompt text', type=str)
        node_info = {
            'id': i,
            'prompt_text': prompt_text,
            'persona_name': persona_name
        }
        nodes_info.append(node_info)
    
    # Add the analyst node
    analyst_node_id = nodes + 1
    analyst_node_info = {
        'id': analyst_node_id,
        'prompt_text': '',
        'persona_name': 'Analyst'
    }
    nodes_info.append(analyst_node_info)
    
    # Define edges (here we assume that the analyst node depends on all other nodes)
    edges_info = []
    for i in range(1, nodes + 1):
        edges_info.append({'from': i, 'to': analyst_node_id})
    
    # Build and process the graph
    G = build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info)
    process_graph(G)
    print("\nConversation has been generated and logged to conversation.md")

2.4. Update the Main Execution Block

Replace the existing execution code at the bottom of main.py with:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cli()

3. Running the Updated Application

3.1. List Available Personas

python main.py list-personas

Output:

Ernest Hemingway
Albert Einstein
Analyst

3.2. Run the Application with Custom Inputs

python main.py run --nodes 2

The application will prompt you for inputs:

Configuring Node 1
Enter the persona name: Ernest Hemingway
Enter the prompt text: Discuss the impacts of the industrial revolution.

Configuring Node 2
Enter the persona name: Albert Einstein
Enter the prompt text: Explain quantum mechanics in simple terms.

Conversation has been generated and logged to conversation.md

Option 2: Creating a Graphical User Interface (GUI) with Streamlit

Streamlit allows you to turn your Python scripts into interactive web apps with minimal effort.

1. Install Streamlit

pip install streamlit

Add this to your requirements.txt:

streamlit

2. Create a New Streamlit App File

Create a new file called app.py in your project directory.

3. Write the Streamlit App

Import Necessary Modules in app.py:

import streamlit as st
import os
import json
import networkx as nx
from main import Node, generate_response, collect_context, analyze_responses, build_system_prompt, load_personas, update_markdown, process_graph, build_graph

Ensure main.py Functions are Importable

Modify your main.py functions to be importable without executing the CLI commands.
Place the CLI commands under if __name__ == '__main__':.

Load Personas

# Load personas
persona_dir = 'personas'
personas = load_personas(persona_dir)

Streamlit Interface

def main():
    st.title("LangChain Graph App")
    
    st.header("Create a Conversation Graph")
    
    # Select number of nodes
    num_nodes = st.number_input('Number of nodes (excluding the analyst node):', min_value=1, value=2)
    
    nodes_info = []
    for i in range(1, int(num_nodes) + 1):
        st.subheader(f"Node {i} Configuration")
        persona_name = st.selectbox(f"Select persona for Node {i}:", options=list(personas.keys()), key=f"persona_{i}")
        prompt_text = st.text_area(f"Enter the prompt for Node {i}:", key=f"prompt_{i}")
        node_info = {
            'id': i,
            'prompt_text': prompt_text,
            'persona_name': persona_name
        }
        nodes_info.append(node_info)
    
    # Assume the analyst node
    analyst_node_id = int(num_nodes) + 1
    analyst_node_info = {
        'id': analyst_node_id,
        'prompt_text': '',
        'persona_name': 'Analyst'
    }
    nodes_info.append(analyst_node_info)
    
    # Define edges
    edges_info = []
    for i in range(1, int(num_nodes) + 1):
        edges_info.append({'from': i, 'to': analyst_node_id})
    
    if st.button("Generate Conversation"):
        G = build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info)
        process_graph(G)
        st.success("Conversation has been generated and logged to conversation.md")
        
        # Display the conversation
        with open("conversation.md", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            content = f.read()
            st.markdown(content)

Run the Streamlit App in app.py:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

4. Running the Streamlit App

In your terminal, run:

streamlit run app.py

A web browser will open displaying your app.

5. Interact with the GUI

Select the number of nodes.
Choose personas from dropdown menus.
Enter prompts for each node.
Click “Generate Conversation” to run the application.
The conversation will be displayed on the page.

Adjustments to `main.py`

To make the functions importable for the GUI, ensure that your main.py does not execute any code upon import.

Place the CLI commands and any execution code under:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cli()

Summary

CLI Option:
- Use click to create a user-friendly command-line interface.
- Allows users to select personas and customize prompts interactively in the terminal.
GUI Option:
- Use Streamlit to build a simple web application.
- Users can select personas and enter prompts in a web browser interface.

Next Steps

Add Error Handling:
- Validate user inputs for personas and prompts.
- Handle exceptions that may occur during execution.
Enhance the GUI:
- Allow users to define custom personas through the interface.
- Provide visualization of the conversation graph.
Improve the CLI:
- Add more options for advanced customization.
- Save and load previous configurations.
Documentation:
- Update README files with instructions on how to use the CLI and GUI.
- Provide examples and screenshots for clarity.

Testing

CLI Testing:
- Run various configurations through the CLI to ensure functionality.
- Test with different numbers of nodes and personas.
GUI Testing:
- Interact with the app in the browser.
- Confirm that conversations are generated as expected.

Conclusion

By implementing either the CLI or GUI, you’ve enhanced your application to be more user-friendly and interactive. Users can now select personas and customize prompts without modifying the code directly.

Final main.py:

# main.py
import click
import os
import networkx as nx
from langchain import PromptTemplate, LLMChain
from langchain.llms import Ollama
import json





# Define the Node class
class Node:
    def __init__(self, node_id, prompt_text, persona_name):
        self.id = node_id
        self.prompt_text = prompt_text
        self.response_text = None
        self.context = ""
        self.persona_name = persona_name
        self.persona_attributes = {}

# Initialize the graph
G = nx.DiGraph()

def build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info):
    G = nx.DiGraph()
    nodes = {}
    # Create nodes
    for node_info in nodes_info:
        node_id = node_info['id']
        prompt_text = node_info['prompt_text']
        persona_name = node_info['persona_name']
        node = Node(node_id, prompt_text, persona_name)
        G.add_node(node_id, data=node)
        nodes[node_id] = node

    # Add edges
    for edge in edges_info:
        G.add_edge(edge['from'], edge['to'])
    
    return G

def process_graph(G):
    for node_id in nx.topological_sort(G):
        node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']
        if node.persona_name != "Analyst":
            node.context = collect_context(node_id, G)
            node.response_text = generate_response(node)
            update_markdown(node)
        else:
            analyze_responses(node, G)

def load_personas(persona_dir):
    personas = {}
    for filename in os.listdir(persona_dir):
        if filename.endswith('.json'):
            filepath = os.path.join(persona_dir, filename)
            with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                persona_data = json.load(f)
                name = persona_data.get('name')
                if name:
                    personas[name] = persona_data
    return personas

# Load personas
persona_dir = 'personas'  # Directory where persona JSON files are stored
personas = load_personas(persona_dir)

# Function to collect context from predecessor nodes
def collect_context(node_id, G):
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node_id))
    context = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        if pred_node.response_text:
            context += f"From {pred_node.persona}:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"
    return context

# Function to generate responses using LangChain and Ollama
def generate_response(node):
    persona = personas.get(node.persona_name)
    if not persona:
        raise ValueError(f"Persona '{node.persona_name}' not found.")
    
    node.persona_attributes = persona

    # Build the system prompt based on persona attributes
    system_prompt = build_system_prompt(persona)

    # Build the complete prompt
    prompt_template = PromptTemplate(
        input_variables=["system_prompt", "context", "prompt"],
        template="{system_prompt}\n\n{context}\n\n{prompt}"
    )
    # Instantiate the Ollama LLM
    llm = Ollama(
        base_url="http://localhost:11434",  # Default Ollama server URL
        model="qwq",  # Replace with the model you have downloaded
    )
    chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt_template)
    response = chain.run(
        system_prompt=system_prompt,
        context=node.context,
        prompt=node.prompt_text
    )
    return response

def build_system_prompt(persona):
    # Construct descriptive sentences based on persona attributes
    # We'll focus on key attributes for brevity
    name = persona.get('name', 'The speaker')
    tone = persona.get('tone', 'neutral')
    sentence_structure = persona.get('sentence_structure', 'varied')
    vocabulary_complexity = persona.get('vocabulary_complexity', 5)
    formality_level = persona.get('formality_level', 5)
    pronoun_preference = persona.get('pronoun_preference', 'third-person')
    language_abstraction = persona.get('language_abstraction', 'mixed')

    # Create a description
    description = (
        f"You are {name}, writing in a {tone} tone using {sentence_structure} sentences. "
        f"Your vocabulary complexity is {vocabulary_complexity}/10, and your formality level is {formality_level}/10. "
        f"You prefer {pronoun_preference} narration and your language abstraction is {language_abstraction}."
    )

    # Include any other attributes as needed
    # ...

    return description


# Function to log interactions to a markdown file
def update_markdown(node):
    with open("conversation.md", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(f"## Node {node.id}: {node.persona_name}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Prompt:**\n\n{node.prompt_text}\n\n")
        f.write(f"**Response:**\n\n{node.response_text}\n\n---\n\n")

# Function for nodes that perform analysis
def analyze_responses(node, G):
    # Collect responses from predecessor nodes
    predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node.id))
    analysis_input = ""
    for pred_id in predecessors:
        pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']
        analysis_input += f"{pred_node.persona_name}'s response:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"

    node.prompt_text = f"Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives:\n\n{analysis_input}"
    node.context = ""  # Analysis is based solely on the provided responses
    node.response_text = generate_response(node)
    update_markdown(node)


@click.group()
def cli():
    pass

@cli.command()
def list_personas():
    """List all available personas."""
    for persona_name in personas.keys():
        print(persona_name)
        
@cli.command()
@click.option('--nodes', '-n', default=2, help='Number of nodes (excluding the analyst node).')
def run(nodes):
    """Run the application with the specified number of nodes."""
    # Let the user select personas and input prompts for each node
    nodes_info = []
    for i in range(1, nodes + 1):
        print(f"\nConfiguring Node {i}")
        persona_name = click.prompt('Enter the persona name', type=str)
        while persona_name not in personas:
            print('Persona not found. Available personas:')
            for name in personas.keys():
                print(f" - {name}")
            persona_name = click.prompt('Enter the persona name', type=str)
        
        prompt_text = click.prompt('Enter the prompt text', type=str)
        node_info = {
            'id': i,
            'prompt_text': prompt_text,
            'persona_name': persona_name
        }
        nodes_info.append(node_info)
    
    # Add the analyst node
    analyst_node_id = nodes + 1
    analyst_node_info = {
        'id': analyst_node_id,
        'prompt_text': '',
        'persona_name': 'Analyst'
    }
    nodes_info.append(analyst_node_info)
    
    # Define edges (here we assume that the analyst node depends on all other nodes)
    edges_info = []
    for i in range(1, nodes + 1):
        edges_info.append({'from': i, 'to': analyst_node_id})
    
    # Build and process the graph
    G = build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info)
    process_graph(G)
    print("\nConversation has been generated and logged to conversation.md")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cli()

Then I added the ability to increase the number of iterations through the cli command –iterations X where X is number of iterations.

# main.py

import click

import os

import networkx as nx

from langchain import PromptTemplate, LLMChain

from langchain.llms import Ollama

import json

# Define the Node class

class Node:

def __init__(self, node_id, prompt_text, persona_name):

self.id = node_id

self.prompt_text = prompt_text

self.response_text = None

self.context = ""

self.persona_name = persona_name

self.persona_attributes = {}

# Initialize the graph

G = nx.DiGraph()

def build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info):

G = nx.DiGraph()

nodes = {}

# Create nodes

for node_info in nodes_info:

node_id = node_info['id']

prompt_text = node_info['prompt_text']

persona_name = node_info['persona_name']

node = Node(node_id, prompt_text, persona_name)

G.add_node(node_id, data=node)

nodes[node_id] = node

# Add edges

for edge in edges_info:

G.add_edge(edge['from'], edge['to'])

return G

def process_graph(G, iterations):

"""Process the graph for the specified number of iterations."""

for iteration in range(iterations):

print(f"\nProcessing iteration {iteration + 1}/{iterations}")

# Store previous responses for context

previous_responses = {}

for node_id in G.nodes():

node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']

if node.response_text:

previous_responses[node_id] = node.response_text

# Process each node in topological order

for node_id in nx.topological_sort(G):

node = G.nodes[node_id]['data']

if node.persona_name != "Analyst":

node.context = collect_context(node_id, G, iteration, previous_responses)

node.response_text = generate_response(node, iteration)

update_markdown(node, iteration)

else:

analyze_responses(node, G, iteration)

def load_personas(persona_dir):

personas = {}

for filename in os.listdir(persona_dir):

if filename.endswith('.json'):

filepath = os.path.join(persona_dir, filename)

with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:

persona_data = json.load(f)

name = persona_data.get('name')

if name:

personas[name] = persona_data

return personas

# Load personas

persona_dir = 'personas' # Directory where persona JSON files are stored

personas = load_personas(persona_dir)

# Function to collect context from predecessor nodes

def collect_context(node_id, G, iteration, previous_responses):

"""Collect context including previous iterations."""

predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node_id))

context = ""

# Add context from previous iterations if they exist

if iteration > 0:

context += f"\nPrevious iteration responses:\n"

for pred_id in predecessors:

if pred_id in previous_responses:

pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']

context += f"From {pred_node.persona_name} (previous round):\n{previous_responses[pred_id]}\n\n"

# Add context from current iteration

context += f"\nCurrent iteration responses:\n"

for pred_id in predecessors:

pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']

if pred_node.response_text:

context += f"From {pred_node.persona_name}:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"

return context

# Function to generate responses using LangChain and Ollama

def generate_response(node, iteration):

"""Generate response with awareness of the current iteration."""

persona = personas.get(node.persona_name)

if not persona:

raise ValueError(f"Persona '{node.persona_name}' not found.")

node.persona_attributes = persona

system_prompt = build_system_prompt(persona)

# Modify the prompt to include iteration information

iteration_prompt = f"This is round {iteration + 1} of the conversation. "

if iteration > 0:

iteration_prompt += "Please consider the previous responses in your reply. "

prompt_template = PromptTemplate(

input_variables=["system_prompt", "iteration_prompt", "context", "prompt"],

template="{system_prompt}\n\n{iteration_prompt}\n\n{context}\n\n{prompt}"

)

llm = Ollama(

base_url="http://localhost:11434",

model="qwq",

)

chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt_template)

response = chain.run(

system_prompt=system_prompt,

iteration_prompt=iteration_prompt,

context=node.context,

prompt=node.prompt_text

)

return response

def build_system_prompt(persona):

# Construct descriptive sentences based on persona attributes

# We'll focus on key attributes for brevity

name = persona.get('name', 'The speaker')

tone = persona.get('tone', 'neutral')

sentence_structure = persona.get('sentence_structure', 'varied')

vocabulary_complexity = persona.get('vocabulary_complexity', 5)

formality_level = persona.get('formality_level', 5)

pronoun_preference = persona.get('pronoun_preference', 'third-person')

language_abstraction = persona.get('language_abstraction', 'mixed')

# Create a description

description = (

f"You are {name}, writing in a {tone} tone using {sentence_structure} sentences. "

f"Your vocabulary complexity is {vocabulary_complexity}/10, and your formality level is {formality_level}/10. "

f"You prefer {pronoun_preference} narration and your language abstraction is {language_abstraction}."

)

# Include any other attributes as needed

# ...

return description

# Function to log interactions to a markdown file

def update_markdown(node, iteration):

"""Update markdown file with iteration information."""

with open("conversation.md", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:

f.write(f"## Iteration {iteration + 1} - Node {node.id}: {node.persona_name}\n\n")

f.write(f"**Prompt:**\n\n{node.prompt_text}\n\n")

f.write(f"**Response:**\n\n{node.response_text}\n\n---\n\n")

# Function for nodes that perform analysis

def analyze_responses(node, G, iteration):

"""Analyze responses with awareness of iteration context."""

predecessors = list(G.predecessors(node.id))

analysis_input = f"Analysis for Iteration {iteration + 1}:\n\n"

for pred_id in predecessors:

pred_node = G.nodes[pred_id]['data']

analysis_input += f"{pred_node.persona_name}'s response:\n{pred_node.response_text}\n\n"

node.prompt_text = (

f"Provide an analysis comparing the following perspectives from iteration {iteration + 1}:\n\n"

f"{analysis_input}\n"

f"Consider how the conversation has evolved across iterations."

)

node.context = ""

node.response_text = generate_response(node, iteration)

update_markdown(node, iteration)

@click.group()

def cli():

pass

@cli.command()

def list_personas():

"""List all available personas."""

for persona_name in personas.keys():

print(persona_name)

@cli.command()

@click.option('--nodes', '-n', default=2, help='Number of nodes (excluding the analyst node).')

@click.option('--iterations', '-i', default=1, help='Number of conversation iterations.')

def run(nodes, iterations):

"""Run the application with the specified number of nodes and iterations."""

# Clear previous conversation file

with open("conversation.md", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:

f.write("# Conversation Log\n\n")

# Let the user select personas and input prompts for each node

nodes_info = []

for i in range(1, nodes + 1):

print(f"\nConfiguring Node {i}")

persona_name = click.prompt('Enter the persona name', type=str)

while persona_name not in personas:

print('Persona not found. Available personas:')

for name in personas.keys():

print(f" - {name}")

persona_name = click.prompt('Enter the persona name', type=str)

prompt_text = click.prompt('Enter the prompt text', type=str)

node_info = {

'id': i,

'prompt_text': prompt_text,

'persona_name': persona_name

}

nodes_info.append(node_info)

# Add the analyst node

analyst_node_id = nodes + 1

analyst_node_info = {

'id': analyst_node_id,

'prompt_text': '',

'persona_name': 'Analyst'

}

nodes_info.append(analyst_node_info)

# Define edges

edges_info = []

for i in range(1, nodes + 1):

edges_info.append({'from': i, 'to': analyst_node_id})

# Build and process the graph

G = build_graph(nodes_info, edges_info)

# Process the graph for the specified number of iterations

process_graph(G, iterations)

print(f"\nConversation with {iterations} iterations has been generated and logged to conversation.md")

if __name__ == '__main__':

cli()

1. Set Up the Environment

Install the Necessary Python Libraries:

Install Ollama:

Download a Model for Ollama:

2. Import Required Modules

3. Define the Node Class

4. Initialize the Graph

5. Define Personas

6. Implement the Graph Manager

7. Implement the Context Manager

8. Implement the LLM Interface with Ollama

Note: Ensure that the Ollama server is running before executing the script:

9. Implement the Markdown Logger

10. Implement the Analysis Module

11. Process the Nodes

Detailed Explanation:

Example Output in Markdown:

12. Expanding the Application

13. Considerations and Best Practices

1. Create the Project Directory and File Structure

2. Write the Code for the Files

File: requirements.txt

File: main.py

3. Install Dependencies

4. Install and Set Up Ollama

Install Ollama

Download a Model for Ollama

5. Run the Ollama Server

6. Run the Application

7. View the Output

Explanation of the Files and Code

main.py Overview

Understanding the Flow

Sample Output in conversation.md

Additional Notes

Next Steps

Recap of Commands

Project Setup

Installing Dependencies

Installing and Running Ollama

Running the Application

Troubleshooting Tips

Additional Resources

Overview of the Enhancement

1. Update the File Structure

2. Create Persona JSON Files

Example Persona: “Ernest Hemingway”

3. Modify main.py to Load and Use Personas

3.1. Import JSON and OS Modules

3.2. Update the Node Class

3.3. Load Personas from JSON Files

3.4. Update the generate_response Function

3.5. Create the build_system_prompt Function

3.6. Update the Graph Definition

3.7. Create an Analyst Persona

4. Run the Updated Application

4.1. Ensure All Persona Files are Created

4.2. Install Any New Dependencies

4.3. Run the Application

5. View the Output

6. Additional Personas

Example: “Albert Einstein” Persona

7. Testing and Refinement

7.1. Test the Application

7.2. Refine the build_system_prompt Function

7.3. Adjusting Prompts for LLM

8. Considerations and Best Practices

9. Summary of Changes

10. Next Steps

11. Conclusion

Option 1: Creating a Command Line Interface (CLI)

1. Install the Required Libraries

2. Modify main.py to Include CLI Functionality

2.1. Import click Module

2.2. Refactor the Code into Functions

2.3. Create CLI Commands with click

2.4. Update the Main Execution Block

3. Running the Updated Application

3.1. List Available Personas

3.2. Run the Application with Custom Inputs

File: `requirements.txt`

File: `main.py`

`main.py` Overview

Sample Output in `conversation.md`

3. Modify `main.py` to Load and Use Personas

3.2. Update the `Node` Class

3.4. Update the `generate_response` Function

3.5. Create the `build_system_prompt` Function

7.2. Refine the `build_system_prompt` Function

2. Modify `main.py` to Include CLI Functionality

2.1. Import `click` Module

2.3. Create CLI Commands with `click`

Adjustments to `main.py`